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Perfect for registration and tax filings

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Sole Proprietorship Registration

A sole proprietorship firm is a simple and popular business structure in India, well-suited for individual entrepreneurs and small businesses seeking a low-cost setup.

In this structure, there is no legal separation between the owner and the business, meaning all profits, losses, and liabilities directly impact the proprietor. This setup allows the sole proprietor to have complete control over business decisions, manage daily operations independently, and hire employees if needed. However, it's crucial to understand that the proprietor is personally liable for all business debts and obligations, which means personal assets could be at risk. Due to this unlimited liability, sole proprietorships are best suited for small-scale businesses where financial risks are manageable.

To officially establish a sole proprietorship in India, owners typically need to complete essential tax registrations. GST (Goods and Services Tax) registration is vital, especially for businesses that exceed the turnover threshold, as it grants the business recognition under Indian tax laws and ensures compliance with both state and central regulations. Depending on the business location and type, additional licenses, such as the Shop and Establishment Act license, may also be necessary.

Operating as a sole proprietor provides flexibility in branding, allowing business owners to use a trade name or business name different from their legal name. Sole proprietors in India may also benefit from Udyam Registration under the MSME (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) scheme, which provides access to government-backed benefits, such as easier access to loans, subsidies, and potential tax incentives, helping small businesses grow sustainably.

With minimal startup costs, straightforward compliance, and complete control, sole proprietorships are popular among local businesses, including retail stores, salons, boutiques, and small traders. However, the lack of limited liability protection means careful planning is essential to mitigate personal financial risks. Whether operating from home or a dedicated business space, sole proprietors should stay informed about compliance and tax requirements to ensure smooth operations.

Take advantage of our expert services to guide you through the sole proprietorship registration process in India. Our team makes it fast, easy, and fully compliant with current regulations, helping you start your business journey confidently. Unlock the potential of your sole proprietorship firm with our streamlined online support.

Advantages of Sole Proprietorship

Below are the main advantages of sole proprietorship registration in India:

Lesser Compliance

Very Simple to Start and Compliance

When compared to other business entities, establishing a sole proprietorship is much easier. It requires very little paperwork from the government end and can be set up easily. Post-registration compliance is also much simpler when compared to other business entities.

Better Tax Benefits

Better Tax Benefits

The income generated by the firm directly passes through a single layer of income tax. In some cases, it is also eligible for up to a 20% tax deduction. These deductions can help the owners save a lot of money.

Complete Control Over the Business

Complete Control Over the Business

Since all business handling is conducted by a sole owner, there will be no delays in taking quick Business decisions. The sole proprietor has 100% ownership of the business and will be responsible for the day's activities. There is a better rate of maintaining secrecy and decisions without needing to consult anyone. This is best suitable for small to medium enterprises, grocery stores and small traders.

Have a Direct Relationship With Customers and Clients

Have a Direct Relationship With Customers and Clients

In a sole proprietorship, the individual has better opportunities to directly interact with their clients. In case of any dissatisfaction, the clients can directly communicate with the proprietor, which improves personal relationships between the owners and the customers.

Can Easily Hire Employees

Can Easily Hire Employees

Sole proprietorships can easily hire individuals and employees to work as independent consultants,the contribution to the project or decision of a consultant is considered a recommendation as per the law.

Checklist for Sole Proprietorship Registration

Checklist for Sole Firm Proprietorship Registration

The checklist for registering a sole proprietorship in India are:

  • Choose a perfect company name for your sole proprietorship business
  • Open a Business Bank account in the company name
  • Get Registered as an MSME
  • Procure required license including FSSAI license or shop and establishment Act license
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  • Based on the business requirement you can register for ESIC or EPFO
  • Obtain all the required certification under Shop and Establishment Act of 1947 ( if applicable).
 Eligibility Criteria for Sole Proprietorship Registration

Eligibility Criteria for Sole Proprietorship Registration

The eligibility criteria for sole proprietorship registration are :

  • The applicant should be above 18 years
  • The applicant should be an Indian Citizen
  • They should have the legal capacity to enter into a contract
  • The proprietor should not have any legal disabilities
  • Applicant should not be declared bankrupt or convicted for felony previously
  • The purpose of the business should be clearly outlined while starting a sole proprietorship
  • The business should be a lawful activity and should prevent selling illegal goods and services
  • The business should have a unique name that was not registered previously.
Required Documents for Sole Proprietorship Registration

Required Documents for Sole Proprietorship Firm Registration Online

The following documents required for Sole Proprietorship Registration:

  • Aadhaar card of the sole proprietor
  • Permanent Account Number (PAN) card or any other identity proof of the sole proprietor
  • Bank account details in the name of the proprietorship
  • Address proof of the business
  • Rental agreement of the registered office address
  • NOC from the landlord
  • Electricity bill, Utility bill or sale deed in case it is a self owned property
  • [object Object], certificate
  • [object Object], or Trade license (if applicable)
  • GST number or GST certificate
Note: The above mentioned necessary documents might differ from state to state. Make sure to reach out to our experts for clear inputs.

Steps to Register a Sole Proprietorship in India

There are four steps to register your Sole proprietorship in India

1: Register your Business Name

Consult our legal experts and choose a proper name for your sole proprietorship. Our team will assist you in registering your business name.

2. Get your PAN, GST, and MSME Registration Done

Our team will help you get your Udyam registration certificate and GST registration done in one go!

3. Filing for Sole Proprietorship Firm Registration

Submit all the required documentation, and we will file the registration form for your sole proprietorship.

4. Open a Current Account

After business registration we will assist you in opening an instant zero-balance current account. Our team also provides GST, ITR annual filing, and trademark registration support.

Legal Status of Sole Proprietorship

According to the law, an individual owns a sole proprietorship, which is an unincorporated business structure. The legal status of a registered sole proprietorship form in India is outlined below:

It Is Not a Separate Legal Entity From the Business Owner

Unlike other business structures, a sole proprietorship doesn't have the power to function as a separate legal entity. As a result, you cannot register any assets under the name of the sole proprietorship.

It Can Sue, or Get Sued Only by the Owners Name

The owner or sole proprietor has the power to run a sole proprietorship. The company cannot be sued; only the owner can be sued in case of any litigation

No Legal Formalities to Create Sole Proprietorship

Apart from the required licensing to conduct the business, there are no complex legal formalities to register a sole proprietorship.

It Is Not a Taxable Entity

Since a sole proprietorship doesn't have any legal identity, it cannot be treated as a taxable entity. The funds generated by the sole proprietorship will be taxed under the proprietor's name.

Post-Registration Compliances on Sole Proprietorship Registration

After the registration of a sole proprietorship, the proprietor should make sure to follow the compliance requirements from time-to-time. Here is a set of post-registration compliances for sole proprietorships in India:

Tax Audit

If the sole proprietor has a turnover or conducts business exceeding ₹1 crore in a financial year it is mandatory to have a tax audit before tax filing. Vakilsearch has a team of experienced chartered accountants who can guide you when it comes to regulatory compliances , tax advantages, and return filing. Book a slot to consult today.

Bookkeeping and Accounting

As per law the sole proprietor is required to maintain a book of accounts if they cross the threshold of₹25,00,000 or more than ₹2,50,000 in any of the three preceding years.

Filing GST Returns

As per the GST Act the proprietor has to file GST returns if the aggregate business turnover is more than ₹20 lakhs.

Comply with Labour Laws

If the proprietor decides to hire employees, then they will have to follow the other labour laws of India. The proprietor should agree to the minimum wage requirements, working regulations, and other employee benefits.

File TDS Returns

The TDS returns have to be filed on time by the proprietor to avoid fines. Based on the purpose of deduction the following TDS return forms should be filed:Form 24Q for TDS on salaries
Form 27Q for TDS deducted for a non resident or foreign company
Form 26QB for TDS on payment for transfer of immovable properties
Form 26Q for TDS in any other case

Professional Tax Registration

Owners of sole proprietorships, corporations, and partnership firms must pay tax on their trade and profession if their income exceeds the threshold. Employers are required to register for professional tax and obtain the professional tax registration certificate.

Sole Proprietorship vs. Other Business Structures

Here is a detailed comparison between sole proprietorship and other business structures. Before registering your entity, it is crucial to consider the various business structures, their advantages, and how they suit your business activities in detail:

Arrow

Establishment

It is easy to register doesn't require any complex paper works

Name of the business

The business can function under the owners name or formally registered business name

Liability

There is no legal protection for the firm. The owner has 100% liability for debt.

Taxation

The income generated is filed under the owners personal taxes.

Sole Proprietorship Tax Implications

The tax rate for sole proprietorships is the same as that of the owner prior to the establishment of the business. Instead of filing a separate business tax return, as a corporation would, they disclose their income and costs on their personal income tax taxes. Here is a complete outline:

Filing Income Tax Returns

A sole proprietorship is often taxed on its net income. This is the total revenue earned after deducting all the allowable deductions. This income is directly reported by the owner on their personal income tax return. If the owner is a single person working, then self-employment tax should be filed.

The Self Employment Tax

It is the equivalent of social security and Medicare taxes for self-employed people.

Goods and Service Tax

If the business is involved in selling goods and services, then it is subject to filing GST returns or sales tax.

Employment tax or TDS returns

If the proprietor has multiple employees, then it is crucial to find TDS returns from time to time.

Financing Options for Sole Proprietorships

Irrespective of the business, financing is crucial for conducting the day's activities. Here are two major options for funding a sole proprietorship company:

Personal Savings and Investments

In most cases, sole proprietorship financing is done by self-funding. But this doesn't apply in all cases. You can also generate funds through family and relatives

Business Loans for Sole Proprietors

Bank loans are the best options for procuring funds to grow your business. Sole proprietorship business loans are available across India in both traditional and digital banks. This will help you meet the funding requirements. In general, a sole proprietor can apply for both secured and unsecured loans. It is crucial to analyse the loan tenure, line of credit, invoice discounting, and other factors.

How Vakilsearch Helps in Sole Proprietorship Registration?

How Vakilsearch Helps in Sole Proprietorship Registration?

We provide access to top incorporation experts who will guide you through the complexities of sole proprietorship registration. Our professionals will coordinate with you to fulfil all your legal requirements. You can also track the progress on our online platform at all times. Our team will handle all the paperwork and ensure a seamless, interactive process with the government. We provide clarity on the incorporation process to set realistic expectations. With a team of over 300 experienced business advisors and legal professionals, you are just a phone call away from the best in legal services.

    FAQs on Sole Proprietorship Firm Registration

    Find answers to common questions about sole proprietorship registration in India, including costs, legal requirements, and benefits to help you make informed decisions.

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    What is the cost of registering a sole proprietorship firm?

    The cost of registering a sole proprietorship starts from ₹699, covering the basic registration process. Additional fees may apply based on location, legal requirements, and any extra services selected. For a detailed cost estimate tailored to your needs, please consult with our registration experts.

      questionmark

      What are some real-life examples of sole proprietorships?

      Examples include Kumar Book Store, Anita’s Bakery, Vijay Photography, Rao’s Tailoring Services, and Suman Consultancy—small businesses personally owned and operated, offering services like books, baked goods, photography, tailoring, and consulting.

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        Is GST registration required for a sole proprietorship firm?

        GST registration is mandatory for sole proprietorships if annual turnover exceeds ₹20 lakh (₹10 lakh for certain states) or if the business engages in interstate transactions.

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          Can a sole proprietorship obtain a PAN card?

          Yes, a sole proprietorship requires a PAN card in the owner’s name for tax filings and financial transactions.

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            Should I use a personal bank account or a business account for my sole proprietorship?

            While a personal bank account may be used, opening a separate business account is recommended to maintain financial clarity and simplify accounting.

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              Do I need a business license to operate a sole proprietorship firm in India?

              Depending on the business activity and location, certain licenses may be required (e.g., trade license, shop and establishment license). Check with local authorities to ensure compliance.

                questionmark

                How long does it take to register a sole proprietorship?

                Typically, registration can take 5-7 business days. At Vakilsearch, we aim to complete the process within 7 days.

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                  Can a sole proprietorship be converted into a private limited company?

                  Yes, a sole proprietorship can be converted into a private limited company by following a specific conversion process. Contact us to understand the steps involved.

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                    What are the main characteristics of a sole proprietorship?

                    Key characteristics of a sole proprietorship include single ownership with full control by the owner, easy setup with minimal formalities, personal liability for business debts, and taxation under the owner’s personal income tax.

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                      What are the tax requirements for a sole proprietorship in India?

                      A sole proprietorship is taxed as part of the owner's personal income. The business income must be reported in the owner’s individual tax return.

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                        What are the liabilities of a sole proprietor if the business fails?

                        If a sole proprietorship fails, the owner is personally liable for all debts, risking personal assets such as property and savings. This can lead to financial loss or bankruptcy proceedings.

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                          Why might a registered company be more advantageous than a sole proprietorship?

                          A registered company offers limited liability protection, operates as a separate legal entity, provides greater credibility, enables easier access to funding, and allows growth potential through multiple stakeholders, making it more advantageous than a sole proprietorship.

                            Authors

                            Written by Nithya, Reviewed by Mithra Menon. Last updated on Nov 08 2024, 09:20 AM

                            Mithra Menon excels in Corporate Law Matters and Debt and Money Recovery. She offers assistance in company incorporation both domestically and internationally, along with partnership firm registration. Additionally, she provides advisory services on compliance and LLP registration in India.

                            Nithya Ramani Iyer, a criminologist and writer, serves as the SME and manages communications at Vakilsearch. Drawing from her experience at Seasearch Intelligence and Legal domains, she enriches our content with insightful perspectives.

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