Here are the different types of societies in India. Read more about the same and get better insights.
Humans have social relationships with one another on this planet where man lives. This planet is made up of people and is composed of different types of societies in which individuals who share a culture have a life founded on their interdependence and shared by those individuals.
Different Types of Societies In India
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Tribal
The leaders of various Indian tribes got together in 1962 for a conference in Shillong, and they defined a tribe as “an indigenous homogeneous unit that speaks a common language, claims a common descent, lives in a specific geographical area, is pre-literate and technologically backward. Type #1: Tribal Society The leaders of various Indian tribes got together in 1962 for a conference in Shillong, and they defined. This definition highlights, in a general sense, the characteristics of a tribe.
The following is a condensed description of the economic and social structure of a society that is predominantly tribal:
The majority of a typical tribal community’s time is spent engaging in the activities of food collecting and hunting. There is a clear division of labour that considers age and gender. Exchange and credit are essentially non-existent, and private property ownership is nearly non-existent. Therefore, the patterns of economic activity are straightforward and homogeneous, and they cannot be compared to the intricate economic structure that exists in industrial societies of the modern day.
There is little evidence of class distinction in an industrial society due to the social structure’s highly integrated and unified nature. The interaction pattern between members of a primary group is mirrored in the exchange between members of a tribal community.
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Agrarian Society
The second type of society is known as an agrarian society, and the primary kind of occupation for the population majority in such a community is farming. It should be no surprise that the plans and animals significantly contribute to the world economy. Alongside the agricultural industry are various other economic activities, including weavers, artisans, blacksmiths, potters, etc. A clear division of labour would be typical in a society like this. There is almost no room for the intricate division of work in industrial societies.
The distribution of land ownership can take many different forms. First, some people own land but don’t live there. They do not cultivate the ground on their own but rather rent it out to others for sharecropping. Sharecroppers like these cultivate the land for a portion of the harvest. There is a second type of farmer known as a supervisory farmer who owns land but contracts out the cultivation of that land to hired labourers who, in most cases, do not own any land of their own.
Control over society is traditionally and naturally exercised through unofficial techniques, such as customs and folkways. An agrarian society places a high value on the institution of the family because of its ability to meet the diverse requirements of its constituents. In many ways, the family performs the functions of a small community.
In a society in which the patterns of life are, more or less, unchanged and in which the production relations are also virtually fixed, the social divisions into classes reflect the characteristics of a closed social structure.
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The Industrial Society
A pre-industrial society is dependent on the use of unskilled labour and the gathering of primary resources from the natural environment.
On the other hand, industrial society “is organised around the axis of production and machinery for the fabrication of goods.” [Citation needed] Industrial society is the distinguishing characteristic of contemporary Western civilisation’s social structure—the economy, the occupational system, and the stratification system. Industrial society is characterised by its rhythm of life and its organisation of work.
The new economic order is one of the defining characteristics of the industrial society, which sprang into existence in the wake of the industrial revolution. The entire production moves from the family and the household to the factory.
The factory now handles everything, and the family no longer functions as a production unit like it did in an agricultural society. In addition, machine technology, which serves as the foundation for the new economic system, is both the source and the effect of an intricate division of labour in the modern economy.
The separation of ownership and control in industrial firms is another fundamental economic transformation. Today, the management and direction of the enormous corporations that currently dominate the most important subfields of industry are carried out by individuals who do not control those corporations.
The owners, also known as those who have invested in the company by purchasing equity shares, comprise thousands of small and medium-sized shareholders primarily concerned with the enterprise’s potential to generate a profit. The neighbourhood and primary relationships become less common in an industrial society, which is one of the defining characteristics of this type of civilisation.
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Post-Industrial Society
Daniel Bell first used the term “post-industrial society” several years ago to characterise the new social structures emerging in modern industrially advanced civilisations, particularly in the western places.
According to Professor Bell, the unique characteristic of a post-industrial society is an essential new principle known as the codification for all of this theoretical knowledge, which is now the driving force behind innovation in scientific research, technological development etc.
In reality, the “new knowledge society that is developing out of the older corporate capitalism” is what we mean when discussing post-industrial society. According to Professor Bell, the idea of a post-industrial society is an overly simplistic and broad generalisation.
Conclusion
Here are the multiple types of societies in India which you should know about. To get more information on the same, you can connect with Vakilsearch for the same.
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