Certain trademarks cannot be registered due to legal restrictions. These include generic terms, descriptive phrases, offensive or deceptive marks, and those that may cause confusion with existing trademarks. Understanding these limitations is crucial when pursuing trademark registration.
Which Trademarks Cannot Be Registered in India?
When it comes to protecting intellectual property, trademarks play a vital role in distinguishing products or services in the market. In India, the trademark registration process is governed by the Trade Marks Act, 1999, and administered by the Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks. While the law provides avenues for registering trademarks, not all marks are eligible for registration. This blog will explore the various types of trademarks and which trademark cannot be registered in India, including generic terms, common words, and descriptive phrases.
Understanding Trademarks
Before delving into the types of trademarks that are ineligible for registration, let’s briefly understand what a trademark is. A trademark is a unique sign or symbol that distinguishes goods or services offered by one party from those of others. It can take various forms, including words, names, logos, labels, and even product packaging. Trademarks serve as a valuable tool for brand recognition, helping consumers identify the source of a product or service.
Trademark Registration in India
Trademark registration provides the owner with exclusive rights to use the mark in connection with specific goods or services. These rights are territorial, meaning they apply within the geographical boundaries of India. Registering a trademark offers several benefits, such as legal protection against infringement, the ability to license or sell the mark, and a stronger position in case of disputes. However, not all trademarks are eligible for registration. The Trade Marks Act, 1999, outlines certain criteria and restrictions on Which trademark cannot be registered in India. Let’s explore these restrictions in detail:
Types of Marks That Which Cannot Be Registered as
- Generic Terms
A generic term is a word or phrase that describes the product or service itself rather than distinguishing it from others. Generic terms are considered the weakest form of trademarks because they do not provide any distinctiveness. In India, generic terms are explicitly prohibited from trademark registration.
For example, terms like apple for apples or shoes for footwear cannot be registered as trademarks because they describe the products themselves. These terms are available for use by all businesses in the industry.
- Common Words
Common words, which are everyday terms or phrases, are generally ineligible for trademark registration. This is because common words are not distinctive and are available for use by all businesses. Trying to monopolise common words would create an unfair advantage in the market.
For instance, words like fast, quality, or best are common words that cannot be registered as trademarks when used in a descriptive manner. However, if these words are used in a distinctive and unique way, they may be eligible for registration. For example, QuickDelivery as a brand name might be eligible.
- Descriptive Phrases
Descriptive phrases directly convey information about the product or service, making them unsuitable for trademark registration in their descriptive sense. Trademarks should be distinctive and not merely describe the attributes or features of the goods or services.
For instance, soft and fluffy cannot be registered as a trademark for pillows because it describes the qualities of the product. However, a phrase like PillowCloud may be eligible for registration as it goes beyond a mere description and creates a unique brand identity.
- Deceptive Marks
Deceptive marks are those that mislead consumers about the nature, quality, or origin of the goods or services. Such marks are strictly prohibited from registration. The use of deceptive marks is considered unfair and can harm consumers’ trust in the market.
For example, if a company sells synthetic leather goods but tries to register a trademark like Pure Leather to deceive consumers into thinking they are purchasing genuine leather products, it would be ineligible for registration.
- Marks Contrary to Public Morality or Order
Trademarks that are contrary to public morality or order are also ineligible for registration. These marks may include offensive or vulgar words, symbols, or images that go against societal values and norms.
For instance, a trademark featuring explicit or offensive content would not be granted registration as it is considered contrary to public morality.
- Marks That Could Cause Confusion
Trademark registration aims to prevent consumer confusion. Therefore, marks that are similar to existing registered trademarks or are likely to cause confusion in the marketplace cannot be registered. This is to protect the rights of existing trademark owners and ensure clarity for consumers.
For example, if a new brand wants to register a mark that is very similar to an already registered and well-established brand, it could lead to confusion among consumers and is, therefore, ineligible for registration.
- Marks That Violate Religious Sentiments
India is a diverse country with various religious beliefs and sentiments. As a result, trademarks that are likely to hurt the religious sentiments of any community are not allowed for registration. This is to maintain harmony and respect for all religious groups.
For instance, a trademark that uses sacred religious symbols or texts in a disrespectful or commercial manner would be ineligible for registration.
- Geographical Indications
Geographical indications (GIs) are marks that indicate the specific geographical origin of goods or services. These are protected under separate legislation, and registering a GI as a trademark is not allowed.
For example, Darjeeling cannot be registered as a trademark for tea because it is a well-known geographical indication of tea produced in a specific region.
Conclusion
Trademark registration in India provides crucial protection for brand owners, but not all marks qualify. To safeguard your brand identity, it’s vital to understand which marks are ineligible, such as generic terms, common words, descriptive phrases, deceptive marks, and those against public morality or order.
Before applying for registration, it’s essential to thoroughly research existing trademarks to avoid conflicts and ensure your mark stands out and isn’t overly descriptive. Following these guidelines helps businesses protect their brands and promote fair competition in India’s marketplace.
If you need expert assistance with trademark registration in India, don’t hesitate to contact VakilSearch’s experienced professionals for guidance and support. They can help you understand the complexities of Indian trademark laws.
FAQs on Which trademark cannot be registered
What types of trademarks cannot be registered in India?
India prohibits the registration of trademarks that are deceptive, offensive, generic, descriptive, or confusingly similar to existing marks. Additionally, geographical names and common personal names are also ineligible.
Is it possible to register generic terms as trademarks in India?
No, generic terms cannot be registered as trademarks in India because they are commonly used in trade, like apple for fruit, and fail to distinguish goods or services.
Is it possible to register geographical names as trademarks in India?
Geographical names cannot be registered unless they have acquired distinctiveness or are used uniquely in trade. It is not possible to trademark common place names like Paris for general goods.
What are offensive marks in trademark law?
Offensive marks, which include words or symbols that are scandalous or violate public morality, cannot be registered under Indian trademark law to maintain societal harmony and order.
Can I register a personal name as a trademark in India?
Personal names can only be trademarked if they are unique to goods or services or have gained distinctiveness through commerce.
Are descriptive marks eligible for trademark registration?
Descriptive marks, which directly describe a product or service (e.g., Best Shoes for footwear), cannot be registered, as they lack the distinctiveness needed for trademark protection.
Can I trademark a three-dimensional shape in India?
In India, you can only register three-dimensional shapes as trademarks if they are distinctive, not just functional or common. Shapes without inherent distinctiveness are ineligible for trademark registration.
